Friday, September 13, 2013
Automation Solution guide 2008 (Schneider electric)
Automation Solution guide 2008 (Schneider electric)
1 Automation solution guide 8
1.1 Introduction 10
1.2 The automation equipment 10
1.3 Automation architectures 12
1.4 Architecture definition 14
1.5 Choice of automated equipment 17
2 Electrical power supply 28
2.1 Introduction 30
2.2 Power supply to machinery 30
2.3 Standards and conventions 30
2.4 Power supply functions 32
2.5 Power supply to the control circuit 33
3 Motors and loads 36
3.1 Three phase asynchronous motors 38
3.2 Single-phase motors 42
3.3 Synchronous motors 43
3.4 Direct current motors commonly named DC motors 45
3.5 Operating asynchronous motors 47
3.6 Electric motor comparison 50
3.7 Types of loads 51
3.8 Valves and electric jacks 56
4 Starting and protection of motors 60
4.1 Asynchronous motor starting systems 62
4.2 Electrical braking of 3-phase asynchronous motors 69
4.3 Multifunction motor starter units 74
4.4 Motors protection 76
4.5 Motor losses and heating 77
4.6 Causes of faults and their effects 77
4.7 Protection functions 83
5 Motor starter units 82
5.1 Forward 84
5.2 The basic functions of motor starter units 84
5.3 Constitution and operation of contactor 95
5.4 Choosing a contactor 97
5.5 Motor starter and coordination 98
5.6 Advanced starter 103
5.7 Speed controllers 105
5.8 Structure and components of starters and electronic speed controllers 109
5.9 Power components 109
5.10 Controller – regulator for DC motors 113
5.11 AC drives for asynchronous motors 115
5.12 Voltage controller for asynchronous motors 121
5.13 Synchronous motor-speed controller 122
5.14 Stepper motor controllers 123
5.15 Additional functions of speed controllers 124
5.16 Speed controllers and energy assessment 126
5.17 Speed controllers and savings in power and maintenance 128
5.18 Choice table for motor starters 129
6 Data acquisition: detection 132
6.1 Introduction 134
6.2 Electromechanical limit switches 135
6.3 Inductive proximity detectors 136
6.4 Capacitive proximity detectors 138
6.5 Photoelectric detectors 140
6.6 Ultrasonic detectors 142
6.7 RFID -Radio Frequency IDentification-detection 144
6.8 Vision 147
6.9 Optical encoders 151
6.10 Pressure switches and vacuum switches 156
6.11 Conclusion 159
6.12 Technology selection guide 160
7 Personnal and machines safety 162
7.1 Introduction 164
7.2 Safety scope and definition 164
7.3 Industrial accidents 166
7.4 European legislation 178
7.5 Standard to be applied according design selected for the machine control 170
7.6 Standard EN/ISO 13849-1 Machinery safety - Safety-related parts 172
7.7 Standard EN 62021 Machinery safety - Functional safety 176
7.8 Certification and marking 180
7.9 Consideration of hazardous atmospheres 182
8 Human-machine interface 186
8.1 Human-machine interface setup 188
8.2 User needs specification 190
8.3 Choosing a solution 192
8.4 Discrete control and indicator units 194
8.5 Schneider Electric Discrete Control and Indicator Unit offer 197
8.6 Graphis screen display and terminal 198
8.7 Industrial and supervision PCs 200
8.8 The human/machine dialogue and supervision software 201
8.9 Control panels incorporated in the products 203
8.10 Conclusion 204
9 Industrial networks 206
9.1 Introduction 208
9.2 History 208
9.3 Market requirements and solutions 209
9.4 Network technologies 211
9.5 Networks recommended by Schneider Electric 213
9.6 Ethernet TCP/IP 214
9.7 Web services and Transparent Ready 217
9.8 Canopen bus 224
9.9 Ethernet and CANopen synergy 232
9.10 AS-Interface (AS-I) Bus 232
9.11 Conclusion 239
10 Data treatment and software 240
10.1 Définition 242
10.2 Introduction 242
10.3 Programming, configuration and languages 243
10.4 Application categories 244
10.5 UAG: Application generators 258
10.6 Definition of the main abbreviations used 262
11 Equipment manufacturing 264
11.1 Equipment design 266
11.2 Choice of supplier 267
11.3 Drafting diagrams and programs 268
11.4 Programming methodology 270
11.5 Choice of technology 271
11.6 Equipment design 272
11.7 Building an equipment 273
11.8 Mounting 276
11.9 Device fitting tools 277
11.10 Platform tests 278
11.11 Equipment commissioning 281
11.12 Equipment maintenance 283
12 Eco-design 286
12.1 Foreword 288
12.2 Concepts and main directives 289
12.3 Standards 290
12.4 Eco-design 291
12.5 Lifecycle 291
12.6 Main rules of eco-design 292
12.7 Conclusion 295
12.8 Applications 295
M Memorandum 298
M.1 Quantities and units of measurement 300
M.2 Average full-load currents of asynchronous squirrel cage motors 301
M.3 Electrical formulae 302
M.4 Calculation of starting resistances 304
M.5 Mechanical formulae 305
M.6 Fundamental formulae 306
M.7 Neutral connections 307
M.8 Driving machines 308
M.9 Conversion tables for standard units 310
7
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Thursday, August 29, 2013
Schneider Electric - Low voltage switchboards Quality inspection guide
1. Introduction to quality inspection
1.1. Justification for quality inspection 4
1.2. Quality inspection function 5
1.3. Quality inspection responsibility 5
1.4. Quality inspector’s profile 5
1.5. Necessary documents 5
1.6. Required human resources 5
1.7. Inspection diagram 6
2. Incoming delivery inspection
2.1. Justification for the incoming inspection 8
2.2. Procedures 9
3. In-process inspection
3.1. Inspection during manufacturing 10
3.2. Justification for the inspection
during the manufacturing stage 10
3.3. Process 11
3.4. Means 11
4. Final inspection
4.1. Final inspection process 12
4.2. Operating rules 13
4.3. Non-conformity treatment process 14
4.4. Conformity declaration 15
5. Summary of tasks after final inspection stage
5.1. Customer acceptance before installation 16
5.2. Installation 16
5.3. Commissioning 16
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Wednesday, August 28, 2013
Basics of Circuit Breakers (Rockwell Automation)
Basics of Circuit Breakers
Content:
1. Design, function and types of
circuit breakers 1.1
1.1. Summary 1.1
1.2. Types of switches 1.2
1.2.1. Manual motor starter and protector or
circuit breaker with motor protective characteristics 1.2
1.2.2. Circuit breaker 1.2
1.2.3. Load break switch 1.6
1.2.4. Disconnector 1.6
1.2.5. Main switch 1.7
1.2.6. Emergency OFF-switch 1.8
1.2.7. Summary: Circuit breaker as load break switch 1.8
1.3. Design of a circuit breaker 1.9
1.3.1. The current path of the circuit breaker 1.9
1.3.2. Thermal overload release 1.10
1.3.3. Electromagnetic overcurrent release 1.10
1.3.4. Main contact system 1.12
1.3.5. Auxiliary contacts 1.15
1.3.6. Operating mechanism 1.15
1.4. Functions of a circuit breaker 1.15
1.4.1. Interrupting short-circuit current 1.16
1.4.2. Reliable protection of motors 1.17
1.4.3. Protection of leads and its optimum utilisation 1.18
1.4.4. Protection of installations 1.19
1.4.5. Integration in the control circuit 1.19
1.4.6. Switching under normal service conditions 1.20
1.4.7. Disconnecting function 1.20
1.4.8. Locking out with a padlock 1.20
2. Circuit breaker technology 2.1
2.1. Summary 2.1
2.2. Short-circuit current in supply systems 2.2
2.2.1. Types of short-circuit 2.2
2.2.2. The peak value of the short-circuit current 2.3
2.2.3. Calculation of the short-circuit current close to the transformer 2.4
2.2.4. Calculation of the short-circuit current in radial supply systems 2.7
2.2.5. Dynamic stress on the connecting leads
in the case of a short-circuit 2.16
2.3. Short-circuit protection 2.18
2.3.1. The principle of current limitation 2.18
2.3.2. Breaking capacity 2.26
2.3.3. Electrical life (durability) of
circuit breakers 2.26
2.4. Short-circuit co-ordination 2.28
2.4.1. Definitions in accordance with
the IEC 947-4-1 2.28
2.4.2. Conclusions drawn from the
definitions for the user 2.28
2.4.3. Physical significance of the short-circuit
co-ordination 2.30
2.4.4. Requirements of a circuit breaker for a simple
co-ordination of type "2" 2.33
3. Fields of application of circuit breakers 3.1
3.1. General procedure for the selection of
correctly rated circuit breakers 3.1
3.2. Circuit breakers for motor protection 3.2
3.2.1. Protection of motors with direct-on-line starting 3.3
3.2.2. Protection of motors with star-delta starting 3.4
3.2.3. Protection during heavy-duty starting 3.8
3.2.4. Circuit breaker with a motor protective
device connected downstream 3.8
3.2.5. Protection of motors in explosive environments 3.12
3.2.6. Protection of motors with phase controlled
starting (soft starter) 3.13
3.2.7. Protection of frequency controlled motors
(frequency converter) 3.14
3.3. Circuit breakers for the protection of
connecting leads and for group protection 3.16
3.3.1. Protection of the connecting leads 3.16
3.3.2. Group protection 3.16
3.4. Circuit breakers for capacitors 3.17
3.5. Circuit breakers for transformers 3.18
3.5.1. Protection of transformer: primary side 3.18
3.5.2. Protection of transformer: secondary side 3.18
3.6. Circuit breakers for generators 3.18
3.7. Circuit breakers for special supply frequencies 3.19
3.7.1. Breaking capacity at frequencies below 50/60Hz 3.19
3.7.2. Breaking capacity at frequencies above 50/60Hz 3.20
3.8. Interruption of direct current 3.20
3.9. Breaking capacity at higher supply voltages 3.21
3.10. Selectivity (discrimination) 3.21
3.10.1. Selectivity between circuit breakers 3.21
3.10.2. Selectivity between circuit breaker and fuse 3.24
3.10.3. Selectivity between fuses 3.25
4. Arguments in favor of the circuit breaker 4.1
4.1. Summary 4.1
4.2. Comparison of the functions:
circuit breaker / fuse 4.2
4.2.1. Time-current characteristics 4.2
4.2.2. Comparison of Joule-integrals 4.3
4.2.3. Comparison of the ultimative tripping current 4.4
4.2.4. Table of comparison 4.4
4.3. Arguments in favour of the circuit breaker 4.6
4.3.1. Prevention of accidents with the help of
circuit breakers 4.6
4.3.2. Ready to be switched on again without delay 4.8
4.3.3. All pole interruption 4.9
4.3.4. No ageing 4.9
4.3.5. Reduction of the conductor cross-section 4.10
4.3.6. Simplified planning of installations 4.14
4.3.7. Reduction of costs of installations and
optional costs 4.14
iii
Circuit
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http://literature.rockwellautomation.com/idc/groups/literature/documents/wp/140m-wp001_-en-p.pdf
Thursday, August 15, 2013
Tuesday, August 6, 2013
Franchised Panel Builder Hand-Book (Gulf Countries)
Franchised Panel Builders Hand Book
Index
Chapter Content
PREFACE
2. TYPICAL ORGANIZATION & FACTORY LAYOUT
3. TENDERING
4. ORDER PROCESS, DESIGN & ENGINEERING
5. MATERIAL & PRODUCTION PLANNING
6. PRODUCTION
7. INSPECTION & QUALITY CONTROL
8. PACKING
9. SITE-TESTING & COMMISSIONING
10.USEFUL INFORMATION
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http://www.docstoc.com/docs/35171459/19765547-Franchised-Panel-Builder-Hand-Book
Friday, August 2, 2013
Trade of Electrician Standards Based Apprenticeship (COURSE NOTES)
Created by Eugene Trindles - Cork TC
Revision 1 April 2000 by
Eugene Trindles - Cork TC
Chris Ludlow - Sligo TC
Charlie Walsh – Athlone TC
Revision 2 Nov. 2002 by
Eugene Trindles - Cork TC
Chris Ludlow – Dundalk TC
Revision 3 May 2006 by
Chris Ludlow – Dundalk TC
Revision 4. Feb 2008 By
Chris Ludlow - Dundalk TC
Revision 5. July 2009 By
Chris Ludlow - Dundalk TC
Revision 6. October 2009 By
Chris Ludlow - Dundalk TC
Compiled by Liam Carroll – Certification & Standards
Published by
FÁS - Training and Employment Authority
P.O. Box 456
27-33 Upper Baggot Street
Dublin 4
Ireland
© FÁS - 2009
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